When looking at the visual history of the Greek civilization there is a distinct shift in the portrayal of form, from the stylized roots of the Mycenaean and Minoan traditions to the naturalism which took hold during the Classical Era. This can be seen when comparing the terracotta figurine Bell Idol, created circa 700 BCE¹, to the later classical work Bronze Statuette of Athena Flying Her Owl (herein referred to as Bronze Athena) which dates back to circa 460 BCE². Set apart by both time and location, originating from Thebes (Boeotia) and Athens respectively, both sculptures work to illustrate the evolution of Greek canon. Yet by examining these two pieces, it becomes clear that despite their divergences and stylistic range, both the Bell Idol and Bronze Athena share similar aspects which are illustrative of Greek cultural values.

Around 776 BCE, a number of city-states had emerged on mainland Greece. Though distinct cultural tenants set them apart, these competing city-states were united in their use of the Greek language. It is during this time that the first Olympic Games were held and served as a rallying cry for the recognition of a common Greek heritage which connected these states. From that point on, no matter what city-state they belonged to, the population also regarded themselves as citizens of Hellas (Greece) and a cultural nation was born. As Greek influence continued to grow and expand into the Ancient World through trade, colonization and conquest over the next few centuries, Greek art and society underwent a catharsis expanding in new ways and styles unseen before. The sculptures that ancient Greece produced during this era of Antiquity are still some of the most universally recognized forms of art throughout the world. Yet these works can be broken down into periods of evolution in which the Greeks perfected their craft over the course of several hundred years.